
Os vírus linfotrópicos de células T humanas são altamente associados à oncogenicidade, classificados em quatro tipos (HTLV-1, 2, 3 e 4) dos quais os mais relevantes são HTLV-1 e HTLV-2 devido a maior associação ao desenvolvimento clínico crônico da patologia influenciando a oncogênese nos seus hospedeiros. A epidemiologia desses vírus é altamente difusa apesar de apresentarem perfis endêmicos em algumas regiões do planeta, sua transmissão pode ocorrer de várias formas incluindo a sexual e métodos para diagnóstico são extremamente importantes para o avanço na detecção do vírus e início do tratamento para a prevenção do desenvolvimento da doença. Diante disso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura afim de reunir estudos que abordem de forma abrangente a epidemiologia de HTLV-1 e 2, sua fisiopatologia, transmissão e diagnóstico. Foram realizadas pesquisas até abril de 2022 dos quais foram identificados 2.379 estudos e destes apenas 27 atenderam todos os critérios para avaliação do texto completo. Foi possível concluir que há uma vasta gama de estudos significativos e importantes abordando o impacto de HTLV-1 e 2 nas populações, há uma grande deficiência em relação à estudos atuais que abordem a atualização de diversas dúvidas que ainda rodeiam temáticas relacionadas a estes vírus principalmente de cunho epidemiológico, resultando em possíveis atrasos no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para o diagnóstico e combate viral. The human T-cell lymphotropic viruses are highly associated with oncogenicity, classified into four types (HTLV-1, 2, 3, and 4) of which the most relevant are HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 due to the greater association with the chronic clinical development of the pathology influencing oncogenesis in their hosts. The epidemiology of these viruses is highly diffuse despite their endemic profiles in some regions of the planet. Their transmission can occur in several ways, including sexual transmission, and diagnostic methods are extremely important for the advancement in virus detection and initiation of treatment to prevent the development of the disease. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was carried out to gather studies that comprehensively address the epidemiology of HTLV-1 and 2, its pathophysiology, transmission, and diagnosis. Searches were performed until April 2022, of which 2,379 studies were identified, and of these only 27 met all the criteria for full-text evaluation. It was possible to conclude that there is a wide range of significant and important studies addressing the impact of HTLV-1 and 2 in the populations, there is a great deficiency in relation to current studies that address the update of several doubts that still surround themes related to these viruses mainly of epidemiological nature, resulting in possible delays in the development of new technologies for diagnosis and viral combat.
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