Relevance of a problem Modern development of the fleet is inextricably connected with the solution of the problem of preservation and improvement of seafarers' health, improvement of their working, living and rest conditions. The most important condition for the health of seafarers is the provision of optimal habitat on the vessel. At the same time, the vessel should be considered as an artificial ecological closed system, which provides the crew with a long-term active existence. A complex of interconnected environmental factors (climatic conditions of the navigation area, microclimate of ship 's rooms, noise, vibration, electrostatic radiation, electromagnetic radiation, harmful substances in the air, microflora in the room, psychophysiological factors, etc.) simultaneously acts on the human body in the conditions of buoyancy. The person in the final outcome responds to the environment as a whole. Therefore, the criterion reflecting the influence of the ship's environment on the human body is the level of functional state of the worker and his health [Lane T, et al., 2002; Rohrer JE. 2004; Heistaro S, et al., 2001; Jensen OC, et al., 2001; Thomas M, 2003]. There are currently poor working conditions and a high rate of occupational morbidity among maritime workers. The intensification of labor in the flight is increasing. There is poor quality of pre-trial and pre-trial medical examinations, reduction of medical positions on ships, leading to a deterioration of the quality of medical care or its complete absence. Obsolete vessels with expired service life are used. These circumstances lead to a deterioration of the habitat on ships and pose a threat to the health of workers. However, research on comprehensive hygienic assessment of working conditions and on the state of health of seafarers in modern conditions is scarce and often contradictory. This justifies the relevance of conducting a scientific study on the further study of the complex of factors that form the conditions of habitation on ships. Work purpose Develop a modern system of science-based measures to prevent adverse effects of ship environment factors on the human body to preserve the health and high efficiency of seafarers. Research problems To carry out a hygienic assessment of the physical and chemical factors forming the conditions of habitation on sea-going vessels, to assess the severity and intensity of work on ships of the sea-going fleet; Undertake a comprehensive assessment of seafarers health; To carry out an analysis of industrial injuries on ships of the marine fleet; Provide scientific justification for the system of preventive measures and recommendations for the protection of labour and health of marine vessels in the modern period. Methods of research included hygienic, psychophysiological, sociological (questionnaire and interviewing) and analytical. Provisions for protection The leading adverse production factors on ships should be considered noise, vibration, microclimate parameters, lack of recovery, tension and severity of work; Work in harmful conditions of production contributes to the development of changes in the state of health of seafarers, determines the structure of production - due to and occupational morbidity, increases the risk of occupational injuries; The condition of labour and health of ship specialists justifies the need to organize a system of labour protection and health of seafarers, the main purpose of which is to create safe working conditions that exclude or minimize the risk of an employee receiving a professional disease or accident, preserving the life and health of ship specialists. Scientific novelty of work For the first time in the conditions of the Azerbaijani region, a comprehensive sanitary and hygienic assessment of working conditions, an analysis of the state of health and industrial injuries of specialists working on sea vessels was carried out. Leading harmful production factors have been identified, and features of occupational and production-related morbidity have been identified. For the first time, an assessment of the natural resistance of the body of seafarers was given, as well as an analysis of individual risk factors. On this basis, a system of labour protection and health of seafarers is justified and developed. The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the comprehensive assessment of working conditions and the state of health of seafarers proposes a system of labour protection and health of persons working on sea vessels, which will ensure working conditions that meet the requirements of safety, which will contribute to the preservation of the life and health of maritime transport workers.