California Bearing Ratio is a kind of method for testing the bearing capacity of the material. Aeolian sand is wildly distributed in north-west of China, such as Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. Different sedimentary history and condition makes the sand have different characteristics. This paper aim to testing different moisture content, mud content and gradation affect the Aeolian sand strength and bearing capacity through California Bearing Ratio method. The result of this experience shows that moisture content and mud content have a significant influence of the Aeolian sand strength and bearing capacity. Before the optimal moisture content, the CBR is increased, after the optimal moisture content, the CBR is decreased. Before the optimal mud content, the CBR is increased, after the optimal mud content, the CBR is also decreased. With the increase of compaction, the result of CBR is increasing. Under the same gradation condition, the CBR becomes smaller and smaller with the increase of mud content. Increasing compaction work, the CBR value also increased.