The aim: To evaluate and analyze early and late results of treatment of patients with rectal cancer after chemotherapy. Materials and methods: The study is based on the results of observation of 779 patients with stage II, III and IV rectal cancer (RC) who were divided into groups according to the chemotherapy treatment. Results: In the course of chemotherapy treatment of RC patients, most of them received the FOLFOX regimen treatment – 87 patients (43.5%). 40 people (20%) received Mayo regimen. 36 patients (18%) underwent FOLFIRI regimen. Another 33 patients received the XELOX regimen chemotherapy (16.5%). In four cases, patients underwent Tegafur monotherapy (2%). Conclusions: The obtained data for patients with stage III RC showed that at all studied time intervals, the highest percentage of surviving patients was recorded in those who received chemotherapeutic treatment according to the FOLFOX regimen. In patients with stage II RC, the most effective was Mejo regimen – 30.7% (survived patients for the 5 year observation).