
Reforms in public administration cannot be realised until the leadership is reconsidered in both theory and practice, particularly in Africa. Effective leadership is one of the integral components of good governance. In instances where scant development occurs in African states, leaders are usually the primary subjects of blame. This is the story of post-colonial Africa, where development has been a pipedream in most countries, making the continent susceptible to neo-colonisation (Langan, 2018). Post-independent heads of state in Africa face the daunting challenge of championing development from a blank or Western/Eurocentric template. Consequently, African heads of state fail in their leadership, especially because their philosophies and leadership styles are either incompatible with the demands and expectations of their offices or constituencies, or they become covetous and are derailed from the mandate that placed them at the helm of their states (Muvingi, 2008).
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