This investigation reports of a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunya virus, a novel virus first described in 2011. This patient presented with high fever and laboratory study revealed the presence of thrombocytopenia. Further laboratory examinations confirmed the coexistence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Review of relevant publications led to a proposal that severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome as a trigger of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. More attention should be paid to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and further studies be conducted