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Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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Efficacité insecticide in vitro et in vivo de l’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon nardus (Poaceae) sur les poux Menopon gallinae, parasites des volailles.

Authors: Abdoulaye Nouhoum ALASSANE; Kherlifath AMIDOU; Elisabeth Tohouédé ZANNOU; Sahidou SALIFOU;

Efficacité insecticide in vitro et in vivo de l’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon nardus (Poaceae) sur les poux Menopon gallinae, parasites des volailles.

Abstract

La prévention des animaux contre les insectes a été basée sur les insecticides chimiques. Cependant, les problèmes liés à l'utilisation de ces produits chimiques poussent les chercheurs à se tourner vers des alternatives comme les plantes naturelles. Dans cette étude, une huile essentielle des feuilles de Cymbopogon nardus Poaceae (citronnelle) est achetée auprès du Laboratoire d’enzymologie et biochimie des protéines de l’Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées et dont un échantillon a été envoyé au laboratoire lexva de France pour caractérisation chimique au moyen d'un chromatographe en phase gazeuse couplé à un spectromètre de masse. Cette huile a été testée à différentes doses in vitro par contact (0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5 ; 2 ; 2,5 et 3 µl par ml d’acétone) et in vivo par aspersion (1 ml dans 29 ml d’eau distillée) à la température ambiante sur des formes adultes de Menopon gallinae (poux des poulets) Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’huile essentielle des feuilles de Cymbopogon nardus présente une activité insecticide significative sur les poux Menopon gallinae. Après une heure d’exposition, le produit a causé in vitro des mortalités supérieures à 50% avec les doses de 2µl et 2,5µl et de 100% avec la plus forte concentration (3µl). Cet effet est confirmé in vivo avec disparition complète des poux (100%) au bout de 10 jours d’application de cette huile sur les poulets naturellement infestés. L’activité insecticide observée peut être liée aux différents composants chimiques de cette huile prédominée en citronellal (43,97%), en géraniol (24,73%) et en citronellol (10,52%) qui agiraient en complémentarité. Les résultats prometteurs observés doivent être associés à d’autres essais complémentaires afin de confirmer l’efficacité pratique de cette huile dans l’élaboration d’antiparasitaires externes. ABSTRACT The prevention of animals against insects has been based on chemical insecticides. However, the problems associated with the use of these chemicals lead researchers to turn to alternatives such as natural plants. In this study, an essential oil from the leaves of Cymbopogon nardus Poaceae (lemongrass) was purchased from the Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Biochemistry of the Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences. To know its chemical composition, a sample was sent to the lexva laboratory in France for Alassane et al., 2023 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.56(2) : 10320 -10326 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v56-2.3 10321 analysis by means of a chromatograph. This oil has been tested at different doses in vitro by contact (0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 and 3 µl per ml of acetone) and in vivo by spraying (1 ml in 29 ml of distilled water) at room temperature on adult forms of Menopon gallinae (chicken lice). The results obtained show that the essential oil of the leaves of Cymbopogon nardus has a significant insecticidal activity on Menopon gallinae lice. After one hour of exposure, the product caused in vitro mortality greater than 50% with doses of 2µl and 2.5µl and 100% with the highest concentration (3µl). This effect is confirmed in vivo with complete disappearance of lice (100%) after 10 days of application of this oil to naturally infested chickens. The insecticidal activity observed can be linked to the different chemical components of this oil, predominantly citronellal (43.97%), geraniol (24.73%) and citronellol (10.52%), which would act in complementarity. The promising results observed must be associated with other complementary tests in order to confirm the practical effectiveness of this oil in the development of external parasiticides.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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