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A Play of the Words: Lichen and Lichen

Игра слов: лишай, лихен и лишайник

A Play of the Words: Lichen and Lichen

Abstract

Введение. Наука о происхождении слов (этимология), несомненно, обогащает различные отрасли знания, в том числе биологию и медицину. В современном русском языке слова «лишайник» и «лишай» имеют принципиально разное значение. Цель. Изучить варианты толкований и использования терминов «лишайник» и «лишай» в лихенологии и дерматологии. Материалы и методы. Исследование состоит из трех разделов: 1. Проведен сравнительный анализ терминов «лишайник» и «лишай» в некоторых современных европейских языках. 2. На основе анализа литературных источников описаны симбиотические ассоциации между микобионтами и фитобионтами – их география и экология, особенности развития, биоморфы. 3. Составлен перечень кожных патологий, которые имеют внешнее сходство формы и цвета с некоторыми лишайниками и мхами. Результаты. Установлено, что в ряде европейских языков название «лишай» происходит от латинского lichen, первоисточником считают древнегреческое λειχήν, которое переводят как «злокачественная болезнь, зараза». В славянских языках термин имеет другое происхождение − производное от liхъ (лихой). Разнообразие лишаев в русском языке описывается благодаря различным прилагательным: мокнущий, стригущий, опоясывающий и др. Лишайники чрезвычайно широко распространены в природе от пустынных зон до Арктики. Важной особенностью лишайников является способность быстро высыхать, существовать в практически обезвоженном состоянии. Во многих местообитаниях суточные колебания температуры и влажности сильно выражены, фотосинтез ограничен во времени и происходит обычно в утренние часы, поэтому скорость роста лишайников низкая. Печеночные и антоцеротовые мхи имеют таллом (слоевище), внешне напоминающее некоторые лишайники. Заключение. Внешнее сходство формы и цвета некоторых лишайников и мхов с рядом кожных патологий, характеризующихся образованием цветных пятен и шелушением, возможно, привело к использованию сходной терминологии. Introduction. The science about the origin of words (etymology) undoubtedly enriches various scientific fields including biology and medicine. In modern Russian, the words lichen and lichen (skin pathologies) have fundamentally different meanings. Purpose. Explore the interpretation and use of the terms lichen in lichenology and dermatology. Materials and methods. The study includes three sections: 1. The comparative analysis of the terms lichen and lichen (skin pathologies) in some modern European languages was conducted. 2. Based on the analysis of the literature, symbiotic associations between fungi and algae are described – their geography and ecology, developmental features, and life forms. 3. A list of skin pathologies that have an external similarity in shape and color with some lichens and mosses was made. Results. It was shown that in a number of European languages the word lichen comes from the Latin; the original source is considered to be the ancient Greek λειχήν, which is translated as "malignant disease, infection". In Slavic languages, the term has a different origin – a derivative of liхъ (dashing). The variety of lichens (skin pathologies) in the Russian language is described by epithets-adjectives: weeping, ringworm, shingles, etc. Lichens are extremely widespread in nature from desert zones to the Arctic. An important feature of lichens is the ability to dry quickly and exist in a practically dehydrated state. In many habitats, daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity are expressed; photosynthesis is limited in time and usually occurs in the morning, so the growth rate of lichens is low. Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta have a thallus that looks like some lichens. Conclusion. The similarity in shape and color of some lichens and mosses with a number of skin pathologies characterized by the formation of colored spots and peeling could led to the use of similar terminology.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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