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The Epidemic Process of Viral Hepatitis B in the Territory of the Republic of Belarus in the Aspect of Vaccination

Эпидемический процесс вирусного гепатита В на территории Республики Беларусь в аспекте вакцинопрофилактики

The Epidemic Process of Viral Hepatitis B in the Territory of the Republic of Belarus in the Aspect of Vaccination

Abstract

Цель. Оценить течение эпидемического процесса вирусного гепатита В на территории Республики Беларусь в условиях реализуемой вакцинопрофилактики. Материалы и методы. Проведена оценка показателей заболеваемости гепатитом В среди отдельных возрастных групп населения Республики Беларусь по данным форм государственной статистической отчетности. Обработку данных и анализ результатов проводили с использованием методов эпидемиологической диагностики. Учитывались абсолютное число зарегистрированных случаев, заболеваемость (на 100 000 населения) острыми и хроническими формами, а также носительство HBsAg вируса гепатита В как в целом по Республике Беларусь, так и в различных возрастных группах. Статистическая обработка полученных результатов проводилась с помощью программы Statistica V.10.0 (Statsoft, США). Результаты. За анализируемый 26-летний период с 1996 по 2021 г. в стране ежегодно в среднем регистрировалось около 2,8 тыс. случаев различных форм гепатита В суммарно, из которых на протяжении последних 5 лет 94–95% составляют хронические и латентно протекающие формы. Накопление иммунной прослойки привитых лиц за более чем 20-летний период рутинной вакцинации привело к сокращению заболеваемости острым гепатитом В среди детей в возрасте до 15 лет в 38,2–82,8 раза (с 4,97 в 1996 г. до 0,06–0,13 на 100 тыс. контингента в 2014–2021 гг.) и к выраженному сокращению регистрации среди детей хронических и латентных форм гепатита В, максимально выраженному среди детей 7–14 лет (Тсн. –22,0%) и детей 0–2 лет (Тсн. –20,31%). Заключение. Проведение рутинной вакцинации всех новорожденных и непривитых подростков активировало процесс снижения суммарного показателя заболеваемости гепатитом В, которое наиболее значимо отмечается среди привитых когорт населения. Выявленные современные особенности проявлений эпидемического процесса гепатита В, включая изменение возрастной структуры заболеваемости, являются подтверждением эпидемиологической эффективности вакцинопрофилактики гепатита В, а также необходимости оптимизации эпидемиологического слежения и разработки риск-ориентированной тактики профилактических, включая специфическую профилактику, мероприятий. Purpose. To assess the course of the epidemic process of viral hepatitis B in the territory of the Republic of Belarus in the conditions of implemented vaccine prophylaxis. Materials and methods. An assessment of the incidence of hepatitis B among certain age groups of the population of the Republic of Belarus was carried out according to the data of the forms of state statistical reporting. Data processing and analysis of the results were carried out using methods of epidemiological diagnostics. The absolute number of registered cases, the incidence (per 100,000 population) of acute and chronic forms, as well as the “carriage” of HBsAg hepatitis B virus, both in the republic of Belarus as a whole and in various age groups, were taken into account. Statistical processing of the results obtained was carried out using the Statistica V.10.0 program (Statsoft, USA). Results. Over the analyzed 26-year period from 1996 to 2021, an average of about 2.8 thousand cases of various forms of hepatitis B were registered annually in the country, of which over the past 5 years, 94–95% are chronic and latent forms. The accumulation of the immune layer of vaccinated persons over a more than 20-year period of routine vaccination led to a decrease in the incidence of acute hepatitis among children under the age of 15 years by 38.2–82.8 times (from 4.97 in 1996 to 0.06–0.13 per 100 thousand contingent in 2014–2021) and to a pronounced reduction in registration among children of chronic and latent forms of hepatitis B, most pronounced among children 7–14 children (GR –22.0%) and children 0–2 years (GR –20.31%). Conclusion. Routine vaccination of all newborns and unvaccinated adolescents has activated the process of reducing the total incidence of hepatitis B, which is most significant among vaccinated cohorts of the population. The identified modern features of the manifestations of the epidemic process of hepatitis B, including changes in the age structure of morbidity, are confirmation of the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis of hepatitis B, as well as the need to optimize epidemiological surveillance and develop risk-oriented tactics of preventive, including specific prevention, measures.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
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