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https://dx.doi.org/10.34626/ps...
Master thesis . 2018
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Mecanismo de Hepatotoxicidade do Paracetamol

Authors: Miguel António Mendes Pereira;

Mecanismo de Hepatotoxicidade do Paracetamol

Abstract

A intoxicação pelo paracetamol, ou acetaminofeno, constitui uma das principais causas de insuficiência hepática aguda, no entanto, o mecanismo preciso de hepatotoxicidade deste fármaco ainda possui muitas questões em aberto. Na intoxicação pelo paracetamol, é formado um metabolito extremamente reativo, a N-acetil-p-benzoquinonaimina (NAPQI), que se acumula em quantidades de tal ordem, que superam a capacidade das vias inativadoras, nos hepatócitos. A NAPQI é particularmente tóxica para as mitocôndrias, desacoplando a cadeia respiratória, levando ao stress oxidativo e à disfunção mitocondrial. A disfunção destes organelos, combinada com a fragmentação nuclear associada, culminam na necrose dos hepatócitos. Ao mesmo tempo, o stress oxidativo ativa as vias de sinalização c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), p53, fissão mitocondrial, stress do retículo endoplasmático e aumento do cálcio citoplasmático, que exacerbam a toxicidade hepática do paracetamol, enquanto que vias de sinalização, como a nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) e a mitofagia, mostraram um papel de contrarregulação deste mecanismo. A seguir à necrose dos hepatócitos, o sistema imune é chamado a intervir e cada um dos tipos de células efetoras poderá ter um papel potenciador ou protetor da lesão hepática.

Acetaminophen or paracetamol overdose is a main cause of acute liver failure, however the precise hepatotoxicity's mechanism of this medicine still has questions to be answered. In acetaminophen overdose, is formed one extremely reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), which accumulates so much that overcome the capacity of the inactivation pathways, in the hepatocytes. NAPQI is particularly toxic to mitochondria, uncoupling the respiratory chain, leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The dysfunction of this organelles, combined with the associated nuclear fragmentation, culminates in hepatocyte necrosis. Meanwhile, oxidative stress activates metabolic pathways such as c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), p53, mitochondrial fission, endoplasmic reticulum stress and increasing cytoplasmic calcium, which promotes acetaminophen hepatic toxicity, on the other hand, metabolic pathways such as nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) and mitophagy, that have demonstrated a contrarregulatory role of this mechanism. Next to hepatocyte necrosis, the immune system is called to intervene and each one of the cells types could have a damaging or a protecting role on the liver failure.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Basic medicine, Medicina básica, FOS: Basic medicine, Ciências médicas e da saúde::Medicina básica, Medical and Health sciences::Basic medicine

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green