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Viruses
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Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore Microinjection

Authors: Melbourne Rio Talactac; Kentaro Yoshii; Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez; Kodai Kusakisako; Remil Linggatong Galay; Kozo Fujisaki; Masami Mochizuki; +1 Authors

Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore Microinjection

Abstract

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) serocomplex of flaviviruses consists of arboviruses that cause important diseases in animals and humans. The transmission of this group of viruses is commonly associated with tick species such as Ixodes spp., Dermacentor spp., and Hyalomma spp. In the case of Haemaphysalis longicornis, the detection and isolation of flaviviruses have been previously reported. However, studies showing survival dynamics of any tick-borne flavivirus in H. longicornis are still lacking. In this study, an anal pore microinjection method was used to infect adult H. longicornis with Langat virus (LGTV), a naturally attenuated member of the TBEV serocomplex. LGTV detection in ticks was done by real-time PCR, virus isolation, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. The maximum viral titer was recorded at 28 days post-inoculation, and midgut cells were shown to be the primary replication site. The tick can also harbor the virus for at least 120 days and can successfully transmit LGTV to susceptible mice as confirmed by detection of LGTV antibodies. However, no transovarial transmission was observed from the egg and larval samples. Taken together, our results highly suggest that anal pore microinjection can be an effective method in infecting adult H. longicornis, which can greatly assist in our efforts to study tick and virus interactions.

Keywords

Ixodes, Microinjections, Anal Canal, virus transmission, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Microbiology, QR1-502, Article, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne, Mice, anal pore microinjection; Langat virus; Haemaphysalis longicornis; virus transmission, Animals, Langat virus, Arachnid Vectors, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne, anal pore microinjection

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold