We introduce a polyadic analog of supersymmetry by considering the polyadization procedure (proposed by the author) applied to the toy model of one-dimensional supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The supercharges are generalized to polyadic ones using the n-ary sigma matrices defined in earlier work. In this way, polyadic analogs of supercharges and Hamiltonians take the cyclic shift block matrix form, and they are different from the N-extended and multigraded SQM. While constructing the corresponding supersymmetry as an n-ary Lie superalgebra (n is the arity of the initial associative multiplication), we have found new brackets with a reduced arity of 2≤m<n and a related series of m-ary superalgebras (which is impossible for binary superalgebras). In the case of even reduced arity m, we obtain a tower of higher-order (as differential operators) even Hamiltonians, while for m odd we obtain a tower of higher-order odd supercharges, and the corresponding algebra consists of the odd sector only.