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Quantum Uncertainty and Energy Flux in Extended Electrodynamics

Authors: Fernando Minotti; Giovanni Modanese;

Quantum Uncertainty and Energy Flux in Extended Electrodynamics

Abstract

In quantum theory, for a system with macroscopic wavefunction, the charge density and current density are represented by non-commuting operators. It follows that the anomaly I=∂tρ+∇·j, being essentially a linear combination of these two operators in the frequency-momentum domain, does not admit eigenstates and has a minimum uncertainty fixed by the Heisenberg relation ΔNΔϕ≃1, which involves the occupation number and the phase of the wavefunction. We give an estimate of the minimum uncertainty in the case of a tunnel Josephson junction made of Nb. Due to this violation of the local conservation of charge, for the evaluation of the e.m. field generated by the system it is necessary to use the extended Aharonov–Bohm electrodynamics. After recalling its field equations, we compute in general form the energy–momentum tensor and the radiation power flux generated by a localized oscillating source. The physical requirements that the total flux be positive, negative or zero yield some conditions on the dipole moment of the anomaly I.

Country
Argentina
Keywords

energy–momentum tensor, Physics, QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, LOCAL CONSERVATION LAWS, EXTENDED AHARONOV–BOHM ELECTRODYNAMICS, Physics - General Physics, General Physics (physics.gen-ph), local conservation laws, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3, tunnel Josephson junctions, ENERGY–MOMENTUM TENSOR, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1, TUNNEL JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS, extended Aharonov–Bohm electrodynamics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold