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Polymers
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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PubMed Central
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
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Physicochemical Characterization of Injectable Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Kelulut Honey Hydrogels for Future Cutaneous Tissue Loss

Authors: Raniya Razif; Nur Izzah Md Fadilah; Manira Maarof; Daniel Looi Qi Hao; Adzim Poh Yuen Wen; Mh Busra Fauzi;

Physicochemical Characterization of Injectable Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Kelulut Honey Hydrogels for Future Cutaneous Tissue Loss

Abstract

Chronic wounds, particularly those associated with conditions like diabetes, present significant challenges in healthcare due to prolonged healing and high susceptibility to infections. This study investigates the development of injectable hydrogels composed of genipin-crosslinked gelatin and Kelulut honey (KH) as novel biomaterials for wound healing applications. Hydrogels were prepared with varying concentrations (w/v) of gelatin (9% and 10%) and KH (0.1% and 0.5%), with genipin (0.1%) acting as a crosslinker. The physicochemical properties were extensively evaluated, including the swelling ratio, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), contact angle, porosity, enzymatic degradation, and surface roughness. The results showed that KH incorporation significantly enhanced the swelling properties of the hydrogels, with the 9GE_0.1KH formulation demonstrating a swelling ratio of 742.07 ± 89.61% compared to 500% for the control 9GE formulation. The WVTR values for KH-incorporated hydrogels ranged from 1670.60 ± 236.87 g/m2h to 2438.92 ± 190.90 g/m2h, which were within the ideal range (1500–2500 g/m2h) for wound healing. Contact angle measurements indicated improved hydrophilicity, with 9GE_0.1KH showing a contact angle of 42.14° ± 7.52° compared to 60° ± 11.66° for the 10GE formulation. Biodegradation rates were slightly higher for KH-modified hydrogels (0.079 ± 0.006 mg/h for 9GE_0.1KH), but all remained within acceptable limits. These findings suggest that genipin-crosslinked gelatin-KH hydrogels offer a promising scaffold for enhanced wound healing and potential applications in tissue engineering and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold