High volumetric shrinkage and rheological behavior of polypropylene (PP) are the main problems that make material extrusion (MEX) uncommon for this material. The complexity is raised when recycled materials are used. This research covered different aspects of the MEX process of virgin and recycled PP, from the analysis of rough materials to the mechanical evaluation of the final products. Two types of virgin PP (one in pellet and the other in filament form) and one recycled PP were analyzed. Thermal characterization and rheological analysis of these materials were initially employed to understand the peculiar properties of all investigated PP and set filament extrusion. The 3D parts were then printed using processed filaments to check fabrication quality through visual analysis and mechanical tests. A well-structured approach was proposed to encompass the limitations of PP 3D printing by accurately evaluating the influence of the material properties on the final part performance. The results revealed that the dimensional and mechanical performances of the recycled PP were comparable with the virgin filament commonly employed in MEX, making it particularly suitable for this application.