This study investigates the development of biomimetic sound-absorbing components through laser sintering technology, drawing inspiration from wood’s natural porous structure. Using a pine wood powder/phenolic resin composite, various specimens were fabricated with different structural configurations (solid, fully porous, and varying straight-pore ratios) and cavity thicknesses. Sound absorption performance was evaluated using the impedance tube transfer function method. The effect of different composite structures, placement orientations, and cavity thicknesses on sound absorption performance was evaluated. The results demonstrate that solid laser-sintered samples exhibit inherent sound absorption properties due to microscopic pores, with absorption coefficients exceeding 0.234. The biomimetic wood-like structure, featuring multi-scale porosity at both microscopic and mesoscopic levels, shows enhanced broadband sound absorption, particularly in mid-high frequencies, with characteristic double-peak absorption curves. The study reveals that absorption performance can be optimized by adjusting structural parameters and thickness, enabling targeted frequency-specific sound absorption. This research establishes the feasibility of creating multi-frequency sound-absorbing materials using laser-sintered biomimetic wood structures, providing a foundation for future applications and development in acoustic engineering.