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The Effect of a Linear Tuning between the Antigenic Stimulations of CD4+ T Cells and CD4+ Tregs

Authors: Aliyu Yusuf; Isabel Figueiredo; Atefeh Afsar; Nigel Burroughs; Alberto Pinto; Bruno Oliveira;

The Effect of a Linear Tuning between the Antigenic Stimulations of CD4+ T Cells and CD4+ Tregs

Abstract

We study the equilibria of an Ordinary Differencial Equation (ODE) system where CD4 + effector or helper T cells and Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present. T cells trigger an immune response in the presence of their specific antigen. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a role in limiting auto-immune diseases due to their immune-suppressive ability. Here, we present explicit exact formulas that give the relationship between the concentration of T cells, the concentration of Tregs, and the antigenic stimulation of T cells, when the system is at equilibria, stable or unstable. We found a parameter region of bistability, limited by two thresholds of antigenic stimulation of T cells (hysteresis). Moreover, there are values of the slope parameter of the tuning for which an isola-center bifurcation appears, and, for some other values, there is a transcritical bifurcation. We also present time evolutions of the ODE system.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

cd4<sup>+</sup> tregs, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, eigenvalues, Eigenvalues, ode model, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD4+ Tregs, ODE model, bifurcation, Medical and Health sciences, QA1-939, Bifurcation, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, cd4<sup>+</sup> t cells, CD4<sup>+</sup> Tregs, Mathematics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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