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Mathematics
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Asymptotics of Closeness Centralities of Graphs

Authors: Santiago Frias; Adriana Galindo Silva; Bryan Romero; Darren A. Narayan;

Asymptotics of Closeness Centralities of Graphs

Abstract

Given a connected graph G with n vertices, the distance between two vertices is the number of edges in a shortest path connecting them. The sum of the distances in a graph G from a vertex v to all other vertices is denoted by SDG(v). The closeness centrality of a vertex in a graph was defined by Bavelas to be CC(v)=n−1SDG(v) and the closeness centrality of G is CC(G)=∑v∈Gn−1SDG(v). We consider the asymptotic limit of CC(G) as the number of vertices tends to infinity and provide an elegant and insightful proof of a 2025 result by Britz, Hu, Islam, and Tang, limn→∞CC(Pn)=π, using uniform convergence and Riemann sums. We applied the same technique for the union of a cycle Cm and path Pn and the union of a path and a complete graph. We prove that of all graphs, paths have the minimum closeness centrality. Next we show for any c∈[π,∞), there exists a sequence of graphs {Gn} such that limn→∞CC(Gn)=c. In addition, we investigate the mean distance of a graph, l¯(G)=1n(n−1)∑v∈V(G)SD(v) and the normalized closeness centrality, C¯C(G)=1nCC(G). We verify a conjecture of Britz, Hu, Islam, and Tang that the set of products {l¯(G)C¯C(G):Gisfiniteandconnected} is dense in [1,2).

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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