Diseases, natural disasters, and other emergencies force the economy and management system to confront nonlinear and random changes. In recent years, complexity science has attracted much attention. Complex economics believes that economic models are dynamic, stochastic, and unpredictable, and that equilibrium and stability are temporary. It is changing traditional economic theory. Based on complexity theory, bibliometric theory, nonlinear theory, and game theory, combined with knowledge graph methods, the article analyzed 200 papers from the Web of Science, covering the period 1998–2022. This research presents the research structure and theoretical evolution of complex economic games through visualization techniques. The clusters of keywords and the logical relationships between them are discussed. Then, the analysis of hot keywords and co-occurrence keywords is carried out. Finally, future research directions for complex economic games are given: (1) the market complexity that comes with intelligent expectations, (2) complex characteristics of the data trading market, and (3) complex risk control for emergencies. The innovation lies in the use of data analysis software combined with manual knowledge to overcome the shortcomings of inflexible software analysis, as well as weak manual storage and computation. This research builds a theoretical foundation for grasping the research direction and selecting advanced topics.