The peach fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata), a significant polyphagous pest, poses a considerable threat to fruit crops across its expanding range. Although climate change significantly impacts pest populations, its effects on B. zonata remain understudied. This research examined B. zonata population dynamics across two distinct Egyptian ecological zones (Sohag and Ismailia Governorates) from 2013–2023 using pheromone traps and climate data. Results revealed significant spatial and temporal variations in abundance patterns. Both regions displayed a unimodal distribution, with Sohag exhibiting a distinct peak during September to November, whereas Ismailia showed a broader peak period spanning from August to December. Temperature significantly influenced population levels while precipitation showed no significant effect. Similarly, our results indicated increasing population trends in both regions despite no significant long-term temperature changes. These findings suggest that factors beyond temperature alone, such as host fruit availability, regional environmental variations, and potentially evolving agricultural practices, drive B. zonata population growth, highlighting the need for comprehensive, climate-responsive pest management strategies that account for regional variations.