In the rapidly developing world of the Internet of Things (IoT), data security has become increasingly important since massive personal data are collected. IoT devices have resource constraints, which makes traditional cryptographic algorithms ineffective for securing IoT devices. To overcome resource limitations, lightweight cryptographic algorithms are needed. To identify research trends and patterns in IoT security, it is crucial to analyze existing works, keywords, authors, journals, and citations. We conducted a bibliometric analysis using performance mapping, science mapping, and enrichment techniques to collect the necessary information. Our analysis included 979 Scopus articles, 214 WOS articles, and 144 IEEE Xplore articles published during 2015–2023, and duplicates were removed. We analyzed and visualized the bibliometric data using R version 4.3.1, VOSviewer version 1.6.19, and the bibliometrix library. We discovered that India is the leading country for this type of research. Archarya and Bansod are the most relevant authors; lightweight cryptography and cryptography are the most relevant terms; and IEEE Access is the most significant journal. Research on lightweight cryptographic algorithms for IoT devices (Raspberry Pi) has been identified as an important area for future research.