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Cryptography
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Relaxation of Strict Avalanche Criterion on All SHA-256 Sub-Function Combinations

Authors: Riley Vaughn; Mike Borowczak;

Relaxation of Strict Avalanche Criterion on All SHA-256 Sub-Function Combinations

Abstract

A cryptographic hash function should dissipate patterns, such that highly related inputs are transformed into unrelated outputs. This property, known as diffusion, has been effectively measured on SHA-256 via the Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) throughout the 64 rounds of compression. Additionally, variants of SHA-256 with individual sub-functions removed have previously been tested. In this study, the previous work is expanded; all combinations of the seven SHA-256 sub-functions are tested for SAC, throughout the 64 rounds of compression. The threshold as to whether a variant passes the SAC is calculated with the Bonferroni Method, which results in a relaxed threshold as compared to previous measures. The SAC of each sub-function variant is compared with the SAC of variants with shared sub-functions. The sub-functions Σ1, Integer Addition, Choose, and Message Scheduler are found to consistently contribute to SAC at the earliest rounds, throughout all combinations.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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