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Bioengineering
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Bioengineering
Article . 2026
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PubMed Central
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: PubMed Central
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Three-Dimensional Visualization and Detection of the Pulmonary Venous–Left Atrium Connection Using Artificial Intelligence in Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound Screening

Authors: Reina Komatsu; Masaaki Komatsu; Katsuji Takeda; Naoaki Harada; Naoki Teraya; Shohei Wakisaka; Takashi Natsume; +7 Authors

Three-Dimensional Visualization and Detection of the Pulmonary Venous–Left Atrium Connection Using Artificial Intelligence in Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound Screening

Abstract

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is one of the most severe congenital heart defects; however, prenatal diagnosis remains suboptimal. A normal fetal heart has a junction between the pulmonary venous (PV) and left atrium (LA). In contrast, no junctions are observed in patients with TAPVC. In the present study, we attempted to visualize and detect fetal PV-LA connections using artificial intelligence (AI) trained on the fetal cardiac ultrasound videos of 100 normal cases and six TAPVC cases. The PV-LA aggregate area was segmented using the following three-dimensional (3D) segmentation models: SegResNet, Swin UNETR, MedNeXt, and SegFormer3D. The Dice coefficient and 95% Hausdorff distance were used to evaluate segmentation performance. The mean values of the shortest PV-LA distance (PLD) and major axis angle (PLA) in each video were calculated. These methods demonstrated sufficient performance in visualizing and detecting the PV-LA connection. In terms of TAPVC screening performance, MedNeXt-PLD and SegResNet-PLA achieved mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.844 and 0.840, respectively. Overall, this study shows that our approach can support unskilled examiners in capturing the PV-LA connection and has the potential to improve the prenatal detection rate of TAPVC.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
Green
gold