
Redox signaling from mitochondria (mt) to the cytosol and plasma membrane (PM) has been scarcely reported, such as in the case of hypoxic cell adaptation or (2-oxo-) 2-keto-isocaproate (KIC) β-like-oxidation stimulating insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Mutual redox state influence between mitochondrial major compartments, the matrix and the intracristal space, and the cytosol is therefore derived theoretically in this article to predict possible conditions, when mt-to-cytosol and mt-to-PM signals may occur, as well as conditions in which the cytosolic redox signaling is not overwhelmed by the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity. Possible peroxiredoxin 3 participation in mt-to-cytosol redox signaling is discussed, as well as another specific case, whereby mitochondrial superoxide release is diminished, whereas the matrix MnSOD is activated. As a result, the enhanced conversion to H2O2 allows H2O2 diffusion into the cytosol, where it could be a predominant component of the H2O2 release. In both of these ways, mt-to-cytosol and mt-to-PM signals may be realized. Finally, the use of redox-sensitive probes is discussed, which disturb redox equilibria, and hence add a surplus redox-buffering to the compartment, where they are localized. Specifically, when attempts to quantify net H2O2 fluxes are to be made, this should be taken into account.
MnSOD, matrix H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> release, peroxiredoxins, cytosolic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> release, redox buffers, RM1-950, Review, matrix H2O2 release, redox signaling from mitochondria, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> release into intracristal space, H2O2 release into intracristal space, cytosolic H2O2 release, redox-sensitive probes, Therapeutics. Pharmacology
MnSOD, matrix H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> release, peroxiredoxins, cytosolic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> release, redox buffers, RM1-950, Review, matrix H2O2 release, redox signaling from mitochondria, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> release into intracristal space, H2O2 release into intracristal space, cytosolic H2O2 release, redox-sensitive probes, Therapeutics. Pharmacology
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