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Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Update and prognosis of Dermacentor distribution in Germany: Nationwide occurrence of Dermacentor reticulatus

Authors: Andrea Springer; Alexander Lindau; Julia Probst; Marco Drehmann; Katrin Fachet; Dorothea Thoma; H. Rose Vineer; +5 Authors

Update and prognosis of Dermacentor distribution in Germany: Nationwide occurrence of Dermacentor reticulatus

Abstract

A considerable range expansion ofDermacentor reticulatushas been observed in several European countries, which is concerning in the light of its vector function for several pathogens, includingBabesia canisand tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The present study provides an update on the distribution ofDermacentorticks in Germany, using a citizen science approach. Ticks were collected by citizens from March 2020 to May 2021, and submitted along with information on the date and location of collection, potential hosts and details about the circumstances of discovery. In total, 3,292Dermacentorspecimens were received, of which 76.4% (2,515/3,292) were identified asD. reticulatusand 23.0% (758/3,292) asD. marginatus, while 0.6% (19/3,292) were too damaged for species-level identification.Dermacentor reticulatuswas received from all federal states of Germany. Maxent species distribution models predicted suitable environmental conditions forD. reticulatusthroughout Germany. Findings on the vegetation or on pastured animals without travel history confirmed the occurrence of this tick species as far north as the most northern German federal state Schleswig-Holstein. In contrast, the distribution ofD. marginatusstill appears to be limited to southwestern Germany, although the northward shift of the distribution limit observed in the preceding citizen science study, as compared with previous published distributions, was confirmed. This shift was also predicted by Maxent species distribution models, reflecting the broader distribution of the tick occurrence data contributed by citizens. MostD. reticulatusticks were found on dogs (1,311/1,960, 66.9%), whileD. marginatuswas mainly discovered on hoofed animals (197/621, 31.7%) and humans (182/621, 29.3%). Human tick bites were reported in 0.7% (14/1,960) of host-assignedD. reticulatusand 3.4% (21/621) of host-assignedD. marginatus. Further studies to investigate an increasing endemisation ofBabesia canisin Germany as well as the relevance ofD. reticulatusfor TBEV spread throughout the country, e.g., by traveling dogs, are urgently needed. In view of the activity ofD. reticulatusduring winter or the colder months, which complements that ofIxodes ricinus, a year-round tick protection of at least dogs is strongly recommended.

Keywords

meadow tick, ornate sheep tick, Veterinary medicine, ticks, ornate dog tick, SF600-1100, Veterinary Science, Dermacentor marginatus, range expansion

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
30
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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gold