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Vasculo-Neuronal Coupling and Neurovascular Coupling at the Neurovascular Unit: Impact of Hypertension

الاقتران الوعائي العصبي والاقتران العصبي الوعائي في الوحدة العصبية الوعائية: تأثير ارتفاع ضغط الدم
Authors: Jessica L. Presa; Jessica L. Presa; Flavia Saravia; Zsolt Bagi; Jessica A. Filosa;

Vasculo-Neuronal Coupling and Neurovascular Coupling at the Neurovascular Unit: Impact of Hypertension

Abstract

Les composants de l'unité neurovasculaire (NVU) établissent une diaphonie dynamique qui régule le flux sanguin cérébral et maintient l'homéostasie cérébrale. Ici, nous décrivons des preuves que les cellules de la NVU contribuent à des processus physiologiques critiques tels que l'autorégulation cérébrale, le couplage neurovasculaire et le couplage vasculo-neuronal. Nous discutons de la façon dont les altérations des mécanismes cellulaires régissant l'homéostasie de la NVU peuvent conduire à une pathologie pour laquelle la fonction des cellules vasculaires et des astrocytes peut jouer un rôle clé. Parce que l'hypertension est un facteur de risque modifiable d'accident vasculaire cérébral et de déclin cognitif accéléré au cours du vieillissement, nous nous concentrons sur les changements associés à l'hypertension sur la fonction et la structure des artérioles cérébrales, et sur la façon dont ceux-ci peuvent contribuer au déclin cognitif. Nous recueillons des preuves concernant la perte cognitive dans l'hypertension et le lien avec les démences comme la maladie d'Alzheimer. Collectivement, nous résumons comment le dysfonctionnement vasculaire, l'hypoperfusion, le stress oxydatif et les processus inflammatoires peuvent découpler la communication au niveau de la NVU, altérant la perfusion cérébrale et contribuant à la neurodégénérescence.

Los componentes de la unidad neurovascular (NVU) establecen una diafonía dinámica que regula el flujo sanguíneo cerebral y mantiene la homeostasis cerebral. Aquí, describimos la evidencia de que las células de la NVU contribuyen a procesos fisiológicos críticos como la autorregulación cerebral, el acoplamiento neurovascular y el acoplamiento vasculo-neuronal. Discutimos cómo las alteraciones en los mecanismos celulares que rigen la homeostasis de las NVU pueden conducir a una patología para la cual la función de las células vasculares y los astrocitos puede desempeñar un papel clave. Debido a que la hipertensión es un factor de riesgo modificable para el accidente cerebrovascular y el deterioro cognitivo acelerado en el envejecimiento, nos centramos en los cambios asociados a la hipertensión en la función y estructura de las arteriolas cerebrales, y en cómo estos pueden contribuir al deterioro cognitivo. Recopilamos evidencia sobre la pérdida cognitiva en la hipertensión y el vínculo con demencias como la enfermedad de Alzheimer. En conjunto, resumimos cómo la disfunción vascular, la hipoperfusión, el estrés oxidativo y los procesos inflamatorios pueden desacoplar la comunicación en la NVU, lo que afecta la perfusión cerebral y contribuye a la neurodegeneración.

Components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) establish dynamic crosstalk that regulates cerebral blood flow and maintain brain homeostasis. Here, we describe evidence for cells of the NVU contributing to critical physiological processes such as cerebral autoregulation, neurovascular coupling, and vasculo-neuronal coupling. We discuss how alterations in the cellular mechanisms governing NVU homeostasis can lead to pathology for which vascular cell and astrocyte function may play a key role. Because hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for stroke and accelerated cognitive decline in aging, we focus on hypertension-associated changes on cerebral arteriole function and structure, and how these may contribute to cognitive decline. We gather evidence concerning cognitive loss in hypertension and the link with dementias like Alzheimer's disease. Collectively, we summarize how vascular dysfunction, hypoperfusion, oxidative stress and inflammatory processes can uncouple communication at the NVU impairing cerebral perfusion and contributing to neurodegeneration.

تنشئ مكونات الوحدة الوعائية العصبية (NVU) تقاطعًا ديناميكيًا ينظم تدفق الدم الدماغي ويحافظ على توازن الدماغ. هنا، نصف أدلة على أن خلايا NVU تساهم في العمليات الفسيولوجية الحرجة مثل التنظيم الذاتي للدماغ، والاقتران العصبي الوعائي، والاقتران الوعائي العصبي. نناقش كيف يمكن أن تؤدي التغييرات في الآليات الخلوية التي تحكم توازن NVU إلى علم الأمراض الذي قد تلعب فيه وظيفة الخلايا الوعائية والخلايا النجمية دورًا رئيسيًا. نظرًا لأن ارتفاع ضغط الدم هو عامل خطر قابل للتعديل للسكتة الدماغية والتدهور المعرفي المتسارع في الشيخوخة، فإننا نركز على التغيرات المرتبطة بارتفاع ضغط الدم في وظيفة الشرايين الدماغية وهيكلها، وكيف يمكن أن تسهم في التدهور المعرفي. نجمع الأدلة المتعلقة بالفقدان المعرفي في ارتفاع ضغط الدم والارتباط بالخرف مثل مرض الزهايمر. بشكل جماعي، نلخص كيف يمكن للخلل الوظيفي الوعائي ونقص التروية والإجهاد التأكسدي والعمليات الالتهابية أن تفصل التواصل في NVU مما يضعف التروية الدماغية ويساهم في التنكس العصبي.

Country
Argentina
Keywords

Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurovascular Interactions, neurovascular, Vascular Homeostasis, Physiology, Neurovascular Unit, Cardiology, Cognitive decline, FOS: Mechanical engineering, ischemia, Cerebral circulation, COGNTIVE DECLINE, astrocyte, Engineering, PULSATILITY, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1, Health Sciences, Pathology, QP1-981, Homeostasis, Psychology, Disease, ASTROCYTE, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3, Neurodegeneration, Internal medicine, Neuroprotective Effects, NEUROVASCULAR, Neurovascular bundle, pulsatility, Life Sciences, Management and Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury, Cerebral blood flow, Neuroprotection, Mechanical engineering, ISCHEMIA, Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases, FOS: Psychology, cogntive decline, Neurology, Central nervous system, Medicine, Stroke (engine), Dementia, Astrocyte, Neuroscience

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
67
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 1%
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