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Identification of a Novel Hypovirulence-Inducing Hypovirus From Alternaria alternata

تحديد فيروس نقص فيروسي جديد محفز للفيروس من البدائل البديلة
Authors: Huan Li; Ruiling Bian; Qian Liu; Yang Liu; Tianxing Pang; Lakha Salaipeth; Ida Bagus Andika; +2 Authors

Identification of a Novel Hypovirulence-Inducing Hypovirus From Alternaria alternata

Abstract

Les mycovirus sont largement répandus dans presque tous les groupes de champignons, mais seul un petit nombre de mycovirus peut atténuer la croissance et la virulence de leurs hôtes fongiques. Alternaria alternata est un champignon ascomycète qui provoque des maladies des taches foliaires sur diverses plantes cultivées. Dans cette étude, nous avons identifié un nouveau mycovirus ssRNA infectant une souche Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali isolée d'un verger de pommiers en Chine. Les analyses de séquence ont révélé que ce virus est lié aux hypovirus, en particulier au virus 14 des insectes de Wuhan, un hypovirus non classifié identifié à partir de la méta-transcriptomique des insectes, ainsi que d'autres hypovirus appartenant au genre Hypovirus, et donc ce virus est conçu comme Alternaria alternata hypovirus 1 (AaHV1). Le génome de AaHV1 contient un seul grand cadre de lecture ouvert codant pour une polyprotéine putative (~479 kDa) avec une cystéine protéinase et des domaines associés à la réplication. La guérison de l'AaHV1 de la souche hôte fongique a indiqué que le virus est responsable de la croissance lente et de la virulence réduite de l'hôte. ARN déficient en AaHV1 (ARN-D) avec délétions internes émergeant lors des sous-cultures fongiques mais la présence d'ARN-D n'affecte pas l'accumulation et les pathogénicités de l'AaHV1. De plus, l'AaHV1 pourrait se répliquer et conférer une hypovirulence chez Botryosphaeria dothidea, un agent pathogène fongique de la pourriture blanche des pommes. Cette découverte pourrait faciliter une meilleure compréhension de la pathogénicité d'A. alternata et est pertinente pour le développement de méthodes de lutte biologique contre les maladies fongiques.

Los micovirus están ampliamente diseminados en casi todos los grupos de hongos, pero solo un pequeño número de micovirus puede atenuar el crecimiento y la virulencia de sus huéspedes fúngicos. Alternaria alternata es un hongo ascomiceto que causa enfermedades de manchas foliares en varias plantas de cultivo. En este estudio, identificamos un nuevo micovirus de ARNmc que infecta una cepa de Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali aislada de un huerto de manzanos en China. Los análisis de secuencia revelaron que este virus está relacionado con hipovirus, en particular con el virus de insectos de Wuhan 14, un hipovirus no clasificado identificado a partir de meta-transcriptómicos de insectos, así como con otros hipovirus pertenecientes al género Hypovirus, y por lo tanto este virus está diseñado como hipovirus Alternaria alternata 1 (AaHV1). El genoma de AaHV1 contiene un único gran marco de lectura abierto que codifica una supuesta poliproteína (~479 kDa) con una cisteína proteinasa y dominios asociados a la replicación. El curado de AaHV1 de la cepa huésped fúngica indicó que el virus es responsable del crecimiento lento y la virulencia reducida del huésped. ARN defectuoso de AaHV1 (D-RNA) con deleciones internas que surgen durante los subcultivos de hongos, pero la presencia de D-RNA no afecta la acumulación y patogenicidad de AaHV1. Además, AaHV1 podría replicarse y conferir hipovirulencia en Botryosphaeria dothidea, un patógeno fúngico de la enfermedad de la podredumbre blanca del manzano. Este hallazgo podría facilitar una mejor comprensión de la patogenicidad de A. alternata y es relevante para el desarrollo de métodos de biocontrol de enfermedades fúngicas.

Mycoviruses are wide spread throughout almost all groups of fungi but only a small number of mycoviruses can attenuate the growth and virulence of their fungal hosts. Alternaria alternata is an ascomycete fungus that causes leaf spot diseases on various crop plants. In this study, we identified a novel ssRNA mycovirus infecting an Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali strain isolated from an apple orchard in China. Sequence analyses revealed that this virus is related to hypoviruses, in particular to Wuhan insect virus 14, an unclassified hypovirus identified from insect meta-transcriptomics, as well as other hypoviruses belonging to the genus Hypovirus, and therefore this virus is designed as Alternaria alternata hypovirus 1 (AaHV1). The genome of AaHV1 contains a single large open-reading frame encoding a putative polyprotein (~479 kDa) with a cysteine proteinase and replication-associated domains. Curing AaHV1 from the fungal host strain indicated that the virus is responsible for the slow growth and reduced virulence of the host. AaHV1 defective RNA (D-RNA) with internal deletions emerging during fungal subcultures but the presence of D-RNA does not affect AaHV1 accumulation and pathogenicities. Moreover, AaHV1 could replicate and confer hypovirulence in Botryosphaeria dothidea, a fungal pathogen of apple white rot disease. This finding could facilitate better understanding of A. alternata pathogenicity and is relevant for development of biocontrol methods of fungal diseases.

تنتشر الفيروسات الفطرية على نطاق واسع في جميع مجموعات الفطريات تقريبًا، لكن عددًا صغيرًا فقط من الفيروسات الفطرية يمكن أن يخفف من نمو وفوعة مضيفيها الفطريين. البدائل البديلة هي فطر فطري يسبب أمراض البقع الورقية على مختلف النباتات المحصولية. في هذه الدراسة، حددنا فيروسًا فطريًا جديدًا ssRNA يصيب سلالة Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali المعزولة من بستان تفاح في الصين. كشفت تحليلات التسلسل أن هذا الفيروس مرتبط بالفيروسات الخفيضة، ولا سيما فيروس ووهان الحشري 14، وهو فيروس خفي غير مصنف تم تحديده من ميتا ترانسكريبتوميكس الحشرات، بالإضافة إلى فيروسات خفيضة أخرى تنتمي إلى جنس هيبوفيروس، وبالتالي تم تصميم هذا الفيروس على أنه فيروس البديل البديل البديل 1 (AaHV1). يحتوي جينوم AaHV1 على إطار كبير واحد مفتوح القراءة يشفر بروتينًا متعددًا مفترضًا (~479 كيلو دالتون) مع بروتين السيستين والمجالات المرتبطة بالتكاثر. أشار علاج AaHV1 من سلالة المضيف الفطري إلى أن الفيروس مسؤول عن النمو البطيء وانخفاض حدة المضيف. AaHV1 الحمض النووي الريبي المعيب (D - RNA) مع الحذف الداخلي الذي يظهر أثناء الثقافات الفرعية الفطرية ولكن وجود D - RNA لا يؤثر على تراكم AaHV1 والأمراض. علاوة على ذلك، يمكن لفيروس AaHV1 أن يتكاثر ويمنح نقص الفوعة في بوتريوسفيريا دوثيديا، وهو أحد مسببات الأمراض الفطرية لمرض عفن التفاح الأبيض. يمكن أن تسهل هذه النتيجة فهمًا أفضل لمرض أ. البدائل وهي ذات صلة بتطوير طرق المكافحة الحيوية للأمراض الفطرية.

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Keywords

Mite, Microbiology (medical), RNA virus, hypovirulence, hypovirus, Mycovirus, apple, Plant Science, Gene, Microbiology, leaf blotch disease, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Endocrinology, mycovirus, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virology, Genetics, Plant Immunity, Mycoviruses in Fungal Symbiosis and Pathogenesis, Biology, Virulence, Botany, Life Sciences, Tetranychus urticae, QR1-502, RNA polymerase, FOS: Biological sciences, Viral RNA Silencing and Plant Immunity, Alternaria alternata, RNA, Genetics and Epidemiology of Plant Pathogens

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
62
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