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Functional Characterization of Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Verticillium dahliae

التوصيف الوظيفي للهدف من إشارات راباميسين في فيرتيسيليوم دالياي
Authors: Linxuan Li; Tingting Zhu; Yun Song; Yun Song; Xiumei Luo; Li Feng; Fengping Zhuo; +4 Authors

Functional Characterization of Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Verticillium dahliae

Abstract

Plus de 200 plantes ont souffert de la flétrissure de Verticillium causée par Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) à travers le monde. La cible de la rapamycine (Tor) est un gène mortel et contrôle la croissance et le développement cellulaire chez divers eucaryotes, mais on sait peu de choses sur la signalisation TOR chez V. dahliae. Ici, nous avons constaté que la souche de V. dahliae est hypersensible à la rapamycine en présence de la protéine de liaison à la rapamycine VdFKBP12 alors que le mutant de délétion aaavdfkbp12 est insensible à la rapamycine. L'expression hétérologue de VdFKBP12 dans Arabidopsis a conféré une sensibilité à la rapamycine, indiquant que VdFKBP12 peut combler l'interaction entre la rapamycine et TOR entre les espèces. La clé entre les espèces du complexe TOR 1 (TORC1) et TORC2 a été identifiée chez V. dahliae, ce qui suggère que la voie de signalisation TOR est conservée de manière évolutive chez les espèces eucaryotes. De plus, l'analyse de l'ARN-seq a montré que la biogenèse ribosomique, les facteurs de transcription de l'ARN polymérase II et de nombreux processus métaboliques étaient significativement supprimés dans les cellules de V. dahliae traitées à la rapamycine. Il est important de noter que les niveaux de transcription des gènes associés aux enzymes de dégradation de la paroi cellulaire (CWED) ont été considérablement régulés à la baisse dans les cellules inhibées par le TOR. D'autres tests d'infection ont montré que la pathogénicité de V. dahliae et l'apparition de la flétrissure de Verticillium peuvent être bloquées en présence de rapamycine. Ces observations suggèrent que VdTOR est une cible clé de V. dahliae pour contrôler et prévenir le flétrissement du Verticillium chez les plantes.

Más de 200 plantas han estado sufriendo de marchitez por Verticillium causada por Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) en todo el mundo. El objetivo de la rapamicina (Tor) es un gen letal y controla el crecimiento y desarrollo celular en varios eucariotas, pero se sabe poco sobre la señalización de TOR en V. dahliae. Aquí, encontramos que la cepa de V. dahliae es hipersensible a la rapamicina en presencia de la proteína de unión a rapamicina VdFKBP12, mientras que el mutante de deleción aaavdfkbp12 es insensible a la rapamicina. La expresión heteróloga de VdFKBP12 en Arabidopsis confirió sensibilidad a la rapamicina, lo que indica que VdFKBP12 puede unir la interacción entre la rapamicina y TOR entre especies. La clave entre las especies del complejo 1 de TOR (TORC1) y TORC2 se ha identificado en V. dahliae, lo que sugiere que la vía de señalización de TOR se conserva evolutivamente en especies eucariotas. Además, el análisis de ARN-seq mostró que la biogénesis ribosómica, los factores de transcripción de ARN polimerasa II y muchos procesos metabólicos se suprimieron significativamente en células de V. dahliae tratadas con rapamicina. Es importante destacar que los niveles de transcripción de genes asociados con las enzimas degradantes de la pared celular (CWED) se regularon drásticamente a la baja en las células inhibidas por Tor. Un ensayo de infección adicional mostró que la patogenicidad de V. dahliae y la aparición de marchitamiento por Verticillium pueden bloquearse en presencia de rapamicina. Estas observaciones sugirieron que VdTOR es un objetivo clave de V. dahliae para controlar y prevenir el marchitamiento por Verticillium en las plantas.

More than 200 plants have been suffering from Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) across the world. The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a lethal gene and controls cell growth and development in various eukaryotes, but little is known about TOR signaling in V. dahliae. Here, we found that V. dahliae strain is hypersensitive to rapamycin in the presence of rapamycin binding protein VdFKBP12 while the deletion mutant aaavdfkbp12 is insensitive to rapamycin. Heterologous expressing VdFKBP12 in Arabidopsis conferred rapamycin sensitivity, indicating that VdFKBP12 can bridge the interaction between rapamycin and TOR across species. The key across species of TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2 have been identified in V. dahliae, suggesting that TOR signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotic species. Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis showed that ribosomal biogenesis, RNA polymerase II transcription factors and many metabolic processes were significantly suppressed in rapamycin treated cells of V. dahliae. Importantly, transcript levels of genes associated with cell wall degrading enzymes (CWEDs) were dramatically down-regulated in TOR-inhibited cells. Further infection assay showed that the pathogenicity of V. dahliae and occurrence of Verticillium wilt can be blocked in the presence of rapamycin. These observations suggested that VdTOR is a key target of V. dahliae for controlling and preventing Verticillium wilt in plants.

عانى أكثر من 200 نبات من ذبول Verticillium الناجم عن Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) في جميع أنحاء العالم. الهدف من الراباميسين (TOR) هو جين قاتل ويتحكم في نمو الخلايا وتطورها في مختلف حقيقيات النوى، ولكن لا يُعرف سوى القليل عن إشارات TOR في V. dahliae. هنا، وجدنا أن سلالة V. dahliae شديدة الحساسية للراباميسين في وجود بروتين ربط الراباميسين VdFKBP12 بينما يكون الحذف المتحور aaavdfkbp12 غير حساس للراباميسين. أعطى التعبير غير المتجانس عن VdFKBP12 في الأرابيدوبسيس حساسية من الراباميسين، مما يشير إلى أن VdFKBP12 يمكن أن يسد التفاعل بين الراباميسين و TOR عبر الأنواع. تم تحديد المفتاح عبر أنواع مجمع TOR 1 (TORC1) و TORC2 في V. dahliae، مما يشير إلى أن مسار إشارات TOR محفوظ تطوريًا في الأنواع حقيقية النواة. علاوة على ذلك، أظهر تحليل تسلسل الحمض النووي الريبي أن التوليد الحيوي للريبوسومات وعوامل نسخ بوليميراز الحمض النووي الريبي والعديد من العمليات الأيضية قد تم قمعها بشكل كبير في خلايا V. dahliae المعالجة بالراباميسين. الأهم من ذلك، أن مستويات النسخ من الجينات المرتبطة بالإنزيمات المتدهورة لجدار الخلية (CWEDs) تم تنظيمها بشكل كبير في الخلايا المثبطة لـ TOR. أظهرت مقايسة عدوى أخرى أنه يمكن منع التسبب في مرض الضالعية الوريدية وحدوث ذبول فيرتيسيليوم في وجود راباميسين. تشير هذه الملاحظات إلى أن VdTOR هو هدف رئيسي لـ V. dahliae للتحكم في ذبول Verticillium في النباتات ومنعه.

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Keywords

target of rapamycin, Mechanisms of Plant Immune Response, Cell biology, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, Verticillium, Signal transduction, Gene, Microbiology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences, Genetics, pathogenicity, Plant Immunity, Molecular Biology, Biology, TOR signaling, Pharmacology, rapamycin, Genomic Expression and Function in Yeast Organism, Verticillium wilt, Mutant, Botany, Life Sciences, Medicinal Mushrooms: Antitumor and Immunomodulating Properties, QR1-502, Verticillium dahliae, FOS: Biological sciences, Medicine

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
27
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
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