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Frontiers in Microbiology
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Autophagy in Negative-Strand RNA Virus Infection

الالتهام الذاتي في عدوى فيروس الحمض النووي الريبي السالب
Authors: Yupeng Wang; Ke Jiang; Quan Zhang; Meng Shao; Chan Ding;

Autophagy in Negative-Strand RNA Virus Infection

Abstract

L'autophagie est un processus homéostatique par lequel le matériel cytoplasmique est ciblé pour la dégradation par la cellule. Les virus ont appris à manipuler la voie autophagique pour assurer leur propre réplication et survie. Bien que de nombreux progrès aient été réalisés dans la dissection de l'interaction entre les virus et les machines autophagiques cellulaires, on ne comprend pas bien comment la voie autophagique cellulaire est utilisée par les virus et manipulée à leur avantage. Dans cette revue, nous présentons brièvement l'autophagie, la xénophagie virale et l'interaction entre l'autophagie, le virus et la réponse immunitaire, puis nous nous concentrons sur l'interaction entre les virus à ARN NS et l'autophagie pendant l'infection virale. Nous avons sélectionné quelques exemples de virus à ARN NS et nous décrirons comment ces virus à ARN NS régulent l'autophagie et le rôle de l'autophagie dans la réplication virale de l'ARN NS et dans les réponses immunitaires à l'infection virale. Nous passons également en revue les progrès récents dans la compréhension de la façon dont les protéines virales NS-ARN perturbent l'autophagie et comment les protéines liées à l'autophagie contribuent à la réplication du virus NS-ARN, à la pathogenèse et à l'immunité antivirale.

La autofagia es un proceso homoeostático mediante el cual el material citoplasmático es blanco de degradación por parte de la célula. Los virus han aprendido a manipular la vía autofágica para asegurar su propia replicación y supervivencia. Aunque se ha avanzado mucho en la disección de la interacción entre los virus y la maquinaria autofágica celular, no se entiende bien cómo los virus utilizan y manipulan la vía autofágica celular en su propio beneficio. En esta revisión, presentamos brevemente la autofagia, la xenofagia viral y la interacción entre la autofagia, el virus y la respuesta inmune, y luego nos centramos en la interacción entre los virus NS-RNA y la autofagia durante la infección por virus. Hemos seleccionado algunos ejemplos de virus NS-RNA y describiremos cómo estos virus NS-RNA regulan la autofagia y el papel de la autofagia en la replicación viral de NS-RNA y en las respuestas inmunitarias a la infección por virus. También revisamos los avances recientes en la comprensión de cómo las proteínas virales NS-RNA perturban la autofagia y cómo las proteínas relacionadas con la autofagia contribuyen a la replicación del virus NS-RNA, la patogénesis y la inmunidad antiviral.

Autophagy is a homoeostatic process by which cytoplasmic material is targeted for degradation by the cell. Viruses have learned to manipulate the autophagic pathway to ensure their own replication and survival. Although much progress has been achieved in dissecting the interplay between viruses and cellular autophagic machinery, it is not well understood how the cellular autophagic pathway is utilized by viruses and manipulated to their own advantage. In this review, we briefly introduce autophagy, viral xenophagy and the interaction among autophagy, virus and immune response, then focus on the interplay between NS-RNA viruses and autophagy during virus infection. We have selected some exemplary NS-RNA viruses and will describe how these NS-RNA viruses regulate autophagy and the role of autophagy in NS-RNA viral replication and in immune responses to virus infection. We also review recent advances in understanding how NS-RNA viral proteins perturb autophagy and how autophagy-related proteins contribute to NS-RNA virus replication, pathogenesis and antiviral immunity.

الالتهام الذاتي هو عملية متوازنة يتم من خلالها استهداف المواد السيتوبلازمية للتحلل من قبل الخلية. تعلمت الفيروسات التلاعب بمسار البلعمة الذاتية لضمان تكرارها وبقائها. على الرغم من إحراز تقدم كبير في تشريح التفاعل بين الفيروسات وآلات البلعمة الذاتية الخلوية، إلا أنه ليس من المفهوم جيدًا كيفية استخدام الفيروسات لمسار البلعمة الذاتية الخلوية والتلاعب به لمصلحتها الخاصة. في هذه المراجعة، نقدم بإيجاز الالتهام الذاتي والالتهام الفيروسي للأجانب والتفاعل بين الالتهام الذاتي والفيروس والاستجابة المناعية، ثم نركز على التفاعل بين فيروسات NS - RNA والالتهام الذاتي أثناء الإصابة بالفيروس. لقد اخترنا بعض فيروسات NS - RNA المثالية وسنصف كيف تنظم فيروسات NS - RNA هذه الالتهام الذاتي ودور الالتهام الذاتي في تكاثر فيروسات NS - RNA وفي الاستجابات المناعية للعدوى الفيروسية. نستعرض أيضًا التطورات الحديثة في فهم كيفية اضطراب البروتينات الفيروسية NS - RNA للبلعمة الذاتية وكيف تساهم البروتينات المرتبطة بالبلعمة الذاتية في تكاثر فيروس NS - RNA والتسبب في المرض والمناعة المضادة للفيروسات.

Related Organizations
Keywords

autophagy, Cell biology, Cytoplasm, RNA virus, Epidemiology, Apoptosis, Microbiology, Cellular Self-Digestion, Gene, immune response, Role of Autophagy in Disease and Health, Virology, negative-strand RNA virus, Health Sciences, Autophagy, Viral replication, Genetics, Global Impact of Arboviral Diseases, Biology, virus replication, selective autophagy, Immunology and Microbiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis Research, Mitophagy, Life Sciences, QR1-502, Virus, FOS: Biological sciences, Medicine, RNA, Parasitology, Viral pathogenesis

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
28
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold