Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease. MPXV is endemic in the forested regions of West and Central Africa, but the virus has recently spread globally, causing outbreaks in multiple non-endemic countries. We review the characteristics of the virus, including its ecology, genomics, infection biology, and evolution. We study the interactions that modulate the virus infection biology, signal transduction, pathogenesis, and host immune responses. And the pathophysiology and epidemiology of MPXV and summarize recent advances in the prevention and treatment of mpox. Probably, the future research directions will be addressing the knowledge gaps, and get a one and only Health approach as an effective strategy to prevent future epidemics of mpox. We’re a team!!! And in these difficult situations, physicians need the most the nurses to get the goal.