Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health problem with a high incidence, placing it as the most common endocrinological disease in Mexico; in addition, its complications can endanger the lives of patients, this due to the macrovascular and microvascular damages which are widely described in various literatures. The present article will address the damage that DM can cause at the genomic level, if it is capable of causing genomic instability and determine the associated cellular damage that it can represent; this through a narrative review of the literature based on the studies that use the micronuclei test, considered biomarkers that determine a chromosomal aberration and therefore a genomic instability.