This article looks at ecological networks developed in Europe for the conservation of biodiversity. The role of connectivity and connection in the fragmented European landscape is discussed. This leads to the consideration that landscape characteristics should be included in conservation strategies and in the structures of ecological networks. The conservation of biodiversity in ecological networks is moving out of protected areas and requires conservation measures in the broader countryside involving land users and basically obtaining their consent. Its introduction in relation to the spatial scale of ecological networks and to the difference between European countries in planning has been studied only recently as has the role of stakeholders, followed as a logical consequence by public support.