Surface hardening is an effective method enabling the improvement of the wear resistance of components subjected to friction, without the necessity of hardening the entire component. Because of easy dynamic deflection and focusing as well as due to very high heating rates, the use of electron beam enables the obtainment of layers characterised by suitable properties. The article describes the electron beam surface hardening of gear teeth made of steel 34CrAlNi7-10 (1.8550) as well as discusses metallographic test results and Vickers hardness measurement results demonstrating the effectiveness of the method in the obtainment of layers characterised by uniform thickness and a hardness of 660 HV0.1.