BPJS Kesehatan is part of the social health insurance system aimed at providing better access to health services to all Indonesian people. Although this program has shown success in achieving wide coverage of participants, its implementation in several areas, including Lahat City, still faces various challenges. This study aims to analyze the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan in Lahat City with a focus on service effectiveness, public understanding, and obstacles faced in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method with BPJS participants, medical personnel, and BPJS administration in Lahat City. The results of the study show that although the BPJS Kesehatan program has provided great benefits to the community, there are problems related to public understanding of the program, limited health facilities that collaborate with BPJS, and difficulties in the claim administration process. The community, especially those in rural areas, still do not understand the BPJS registration mechanism and benefits. In addition, many health facilities in Lahat City are not fully adequate in terms of capacity and quality of service. In addition, the complicated administrative process is also an obstacle for many participants. To improve the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan in Lahat City, it is necessary to increase socialization to the community, improve the quality of health facilities, and simplify BPJS administrative procedures.