This study assesses and compares soil physicochemical properties and insect diversity in mining and non-mining areas of Jharkhand, India. Ten sites (five mining and five non-mining) were sampled to evaluate soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, macronutrients (N, P, K, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B). Insect diversity and abundance were quantified using quadrat sampling, pitfall traps and sweep netting. Mining areas exhibited pronounced soil degradation characterized by wider pH variation, elevated electrical conductivity, major reductions in soil organic carbon, and nutrient depletion, along with heterogeneous enrichment of certain micronutrients. Insect richness and abundance were significantly lower in mining areas than non-mining sites. Strong positive associations were observed between organic carbon, nutrient status, and insect diversity, indicating that soil deterioration directly influences biological communities. The study highlights the substantial ecological impacts of mining and underscores the need for restoration strategies emphasizing organic matter recovery, salinity and pH management, and habitat rehabilitation to support soil health and biodiversity.