We present results regarding row and column spaces of matrices whose entries are elements of residuated lattices. In particular, we define the notions of a row and column space for matrices over residuated lattices, provide connections to concept lattices and other structures associated to such matrices, and show several properties of the row and column spaces, including properties that relate the row and column spaces to Schein ranks of matrices over residuated lattices. Among the properties is a characterization of matrices whose row (column) spaces are isomorphic. In addition, we present observations on the relationships between results established in Boolean matrix theory on one hand and formal concept analysis on the other hand.