
doi: 10.3233/atde240127
To capture the uncertainty of bus travel time prediction, we propose an approach ELM-PSOLF to build prediction intervals (PIs). The approach adopts ELM (extreme learning machine) to generate PIs. Further, the parameters of ELM are tuned using PSOLF (particle swarm optimization with levy flight). Experiment results show that ELM-PSOLF can produce high-quality PIs.
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