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Da costa a costa : passaggi mediterranei nel Mesolitico

Authors: Domenico Lo Vetro; Fabio Martini;

Da costa a costa : passaggi mediterranei nel Mesolitico

Abstract

Il tema della navigazione preneolitica nel Mediterraneo è già stato affrontato da diversi studiosi e per diversi contesti geografici e cronoculturali. Nuovi dati (siti, cronologia assoluta, studi multidisciplinari) consentono ora un aggiornamento su questo tema. Tralasciando le evidenze relative al rapporto tra uomo e ambienti insulari nel Paleolitico, gli Autori propongono un focus su alcuni contesti mesolitici, distribuiti dall'area greco-cipriota alla Penisola Iberica, che sono correlati ad industrie litiche che condividono sistemi a basso grado di predeterminazione basati sullo sfruttamento delle risorse locali per la produzione di strumenti su scheggia. I siti sono spesso localizzati in aree costiere o rivierasche. La maggior parte di questi siti, sia in grotta che all'aperto, sembra essere correlata a frequentazioni di breve periodo, alcune delle quali, localizzate in ambienti costieri, potrebbero essere interpretate come luoghi di approdo piuttosto che come veri e propri insediamenti. Queste evidenze potrebbero suggerire forme pionieristiche di navigazione nel Mediterraneo da parte di gruppi di cacciatori-raccoglitori che precedettero la navigazione neolitica. Sulla base della documentazione litica, l'identità di questi gruppi umani è data da produzioni su scheggia ben riconoscibili, caratterizzate da metodi di scheggiatura speditivi e da uno strumentario con un elevato tasso di raschiatoi, incavi e denticolati, che si distinguono da altri tecnocomplessi coevi ben standardizzati, caratterizzati da armature geometriche e strumenti a dorso. Questi insiemi, noti come Epipaleolitico indifferenziato in Italia e nelle sue isole, hanno diverse definizioni in letteratura: Asturiano, Mesolitico di Muescas y Denticulados (Penisola iberica); Aegean Mesolithic (Creta e arcipelago Egeo), Mesolitico insulare (Sardegna-Corsica), Arudiano (Francia pirenaica). I dati disponibili, supportati da una solida cronologia assoluta, potrebbero indicare l'esistenza di un fenomeno di ampia portata, caratterizzato da strategie comportamentali adattabili a diversi ambienti, sia insulari che continentali, parallelo ad altre distinte facies culturali mesolitiche, esclusivamente continentali. Per quanto riguarda principalmente il contesto insulare del Mediterraneo centrale, si affronta la questione se questi ipotetici pionieri del mare abbiano dato origine a una popolazione stabile e continuativa, se fossero legati ad approdi occasionali o ad esplorazioni costiere. The topic about sea crossing before Neolithic in the Mediterranean has already been approached by several scholars and for different geographical and chrono-cultural contexts. New data (sites, absolute chronology, multidisciplinary studies) now allow an update on this theme. Leaving aside the evidence concerning the relationship between humans and island environments in the Palaeolithic, Authors propose a focus on some Mesolithic contexts, distributed from the Greek-Cypriot area to the Iberian Peninsula, which are related to lithic facies sharing non-standardised production systems based on the exploitation of local resources to make flake tools. Sites are often located in coastal areas and among those located in inlands many are generally not at considerable distances from the coast. Most of these sites, both in caves and in open air, seem to be related to short-term frequentations, some of which, located in coastal environments, could be interpreted as landing places rather than real settlements. This evidence may suggest pioneering forms of navigation in the Mediterranean by hunter-gatherer groups that preceded the Neolithic seafaring. Based on the lithic record, the identity of these human groups is given by well-recognizable flakebased productions characterized by a high number of notches and denticulated tools, and by expeditive flaking methods. These features point out the existence of original Mesolithic technocomplex, different from other coeval well-standardized ones which are marked by geometrics and backed tools. These assemblages, known as Undifferentiated Epipaleolithic in Italy and its islands, have various definitions in the literature: Asturian, Mesolitico de muescas y denticulados (Iberian Peninsula); Aegean Mesolithic (Crete and Aegean archipelago), Insular Mesolithic (Sardinia-Corsica), Arudian (Pyrenean France). Available data, supported by a robust absolute chronology, could indicate the existence of a large phenomenon, marked by behavioural strategies adaptable to different environments, both insular and continental, which is parallel to other distinct, exclusively continental, Mesolithic cultural facies. As regard mainly the central Mediterranean insular context, the question is addressed as to whether these hypothetical sea pioneers initiated a stable and continuous population, whether they were linked to occasional landing places or to coastal explorations.

Country
Italy
Related Organizations
Keywords

Mesolitico, Mediterraneo, spostamenti marittimi, industrie litiche Mesolithic, Mediterranean, sea-crossing, stone tool assemblages

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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