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German Medical Science
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Parathyroid carcinoma: an unusual presentation of a rare neoplasm

Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinom: eine ungewöhnliche Präsentation dieser seltenen Neoplasie
Authors: Shruti, S; Siraj, F;

Parathyroid carcinoma: an unusual presentation of a rare neoplasm

Abstract

Das Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinom ist eine extrem seltene, bösartige endokrine Neoplasie, deren Diagnose und Behandlung eine große Herausforderung darstellen. Klinisch wird die Erkrankung früher in Patienten mit Hyperparathyreoidismus mit Zeichen von schwerer Hyperkalzämie entdeckt. Die Unterscheidung von gutartigen und bösartigen Erkrankungen der Nebenschilddrüse ist sowohl für den Kliniker als auch für den Pathologen schwierig. Eine komplette operative Entfernung bei der ersten Operation bietet die beste Chance auf Heilung. Sogar nach radikaler Entfernung, was die Standardbehandlung darstellt, treten häufig lokale Rekurrenzen und Metastasen auf. Die Erkrankung hat normalerweise einen langsamen und schmerzfreien Verlauf und die meisten Patienten leider vorrangig unter Beschwerden, die von der Hyperkalzämie herrühren und weniger von der Ausbreitung des Tumors oder der Metastasen. Wir berichten von dem Fall einer 31-jährigen Frau, die unter einer Nierenkolik litt. Verschiedene hämatologische, biochemische und radiologische Untersuchungen wurden durchgeführt, wobei eine leicht vergrößerte rechte Nebenschilddrüse festgestellt wurde. Ein Nebenschilddrüsenadenom wurde diagnostiziert und die rechte Nebenschilddrüse entfernt. Während der Operation bestand kein Verdacht auf Bösartigkeit. Eine mikroskopische Untersuchung zeigte jedoch, dass die Läsion bösartig war, woraufhin die endgültige Diagnose aufgrund der Tumorinvasion Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinom lautete. Da es keinen Goldstandard gibt, hilft ein multidisziplinärer Ansatz, der alle klinischen, biochemischen, radiologischen und pathologischen Instrumente der Diagnose einschließt. Wir berichten hier über den Fall einer relativ jungen Patientin mit funktionellem Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinom, bei dem alle biochemischen und radiologischen Untersuchungen sowie intraoperativen Befunde zunächst auf eine gutartige Nebenschilddrüsenerkrankung hinwiesen.

Parathyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare malignant endocrine neoplasm that is very challenging in its diagnosis as well as its treatment. Clinically the disease is detected earlier in patients who present with hyperparathyroidism with signs of profound hypercalcemia. Differentiation between benign and malignant disease of the parathyroid is challenging both for the clinician and for the pathologist. Complete surgical resection at the time of first operation offers the best chance of cure. Even after radical excision which is the standard management, local recurrence and metastases are frequent. The disease usually has a slow indolent course and most patients suffer from complications of hypercalcemia rather than tumor invasion or metastasis. We report a case of a 31-year-old woman who presented with renal colic. Various hematological, biochemical and radiological investigations were performed and a slightly enlarged right parathyroid was found. A clinical diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma was made and a right parathyroidectomy was done. Intraoperatively the surgeon had no suspicion of malignancy but microscopically the lesion was malignant and a final diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma was rendered based on the criteria of invasion. Since there is no gold standard, a multidisciplinary approach, including the entire clinical, biochemical, radiological and pathological profile of the disease aids in an accurate diagnosis. Here we are reporting a case of a functional parathyroid carcinoma presenting in a relatively young patient with all the biochemical and radiological investigations and intraoperative findings pointing towards a benign parathyroid disease.

GMS German Medical Science; 15:Doc21

Keywords

Adenoma, Adult, Carcinoma, R, parathyroid carcinoma, 610 Medical sciences; Medicine, Article, Diagnosis, Differential, hyperparathyroidism, Nebenschilddrüsenadenom, Parathyroid Neoplasms, ddc: 610, parathyroid adenoma, Hyperparathyreoidismus, Medicine, Humans, Female, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinom

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
Green
Published in a Diamond OA journal