Micro and small enterprises remain central to employment creation and local economic resilience, yet their upgrading in the Medan-Binjai-Deli Serdang urban-regional system is constrained by fragmented assistance, overlapping programmes, weak market information, uneven production capability, limited managerial competence, and slow technology adoption. This study develops a pentahelix coordination model for strengthening MSE upgrading through an MSE Synergy Centre. An exploratory qualitative design was applied using semi-structured interviews, passive non-participant observation, and document analysis involving purposively selected informants from government, banking/business, academia, community organisations, media, and MSE-support networks. Data were managed in NVivo Pro 12 and analysed through open, axial, and selective coding, followed by stakeholder mapping using a Power-Interest Grid. The findings identify four interrelated constraint domains. Production and processing constraints reduce quality consistency and fulfilment capacity; marketing constraints directly threaten cash-flow continuity and market expansion; human-resource constraints weaken managerial routines, training absorption, and operational discipline; and design-technology constraints limit product differentiation and value creation. These constraints shaped the final model by determining intervention sequencing: marketing support is treated as an immediate survival pathway, while production, human-resource, and design-technology upgrading are positioned as medium-term capability-building layers. Stakeholder mapping shows that government and banking/business actors function as key players, academia and community organisations as capability-support actors, and media as a legitimacy and diffusion amplifier. The proposed MSE Synergy Centre operates as a coordination node that diagnoses constraints, allocates actor roles, synchronises financing and mentoring, reduces programme duplication, and links core-city market access with buffer-area production potential. The study contributes an applied framework for transforming fragmented MSE assistance into constraint-led, socially oriented, and regionally connected support governance.