The main goal of the study is to analyze the geopolitical dynamics of the modern polycentric world, and the geopolitical aspects of the problem of military threats and conflicts. A theoretical analysis of the concept of geopolitics and its transformation in the 21st century has been carried out. The article examines the influence of geopolitical factors on the global security system, including from a regional perspective. In particular, the features of the political situation in the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region are considered. The theoretical and practical significance of the study consists, firstly, in generalizing and systematizing existing knowledge on political conflictology, in developing its geopolitical aspect, and secondly, in considering poorly studied aspects of the problem (in particular, network-centric wars), and thereby stimulating further scientific developments in this direction.