The article presents the results of an experimental study on the efficiency of using vermiculture biomass as an alternative protein source in diets for the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The relevance of the study is the limited availability of fish mince and fish meal resources, fluctuations in their cost, and the need to introduce economically affordable and environmentally sustainable feed ingredients in aquaculture. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal level of partial replacement of low-value freshwater fish mince with vermiculture biomass produced on a substrate of fermented soybean waste and spoiled corn silage, as well as to evaluate its effect on shrimp productivity. The experiment was conducted using the group-analog method, with one control and three experimental groups, each consisting of 200 individuals. In the experimental diets, 8.0%, 12.0%, and 18.0% of fish mince were replaced with vermiculture biomass. The duration of the experiment was 100 days. It was established that the inclusion of vermiculture biomass in the diet positively affected growth rate, average daily gains, and feed utilization efficiency. At 150 days of age, the body weight of shrimp in the second experimental group was higher by 17.9% (p<0.05), and in the third group by 18.2% (p<0.05) compared to the control. Average daily gains increased by 20.0%, while feed conversion per 1 kg of weight gain decreased by 18.2% at replacement levels of 12.0–18.0%. It was shown that increasing the proportion of vermiculture biomass above 12.0% did not result in further productivity improvement, indicating the achievement of an optimal inclusion level. The positive effect can be explained by the high biological value of earthworm protein, its high digestibility, and a well-balanced amino acid composition. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using vermiculture biomass as an effective alternative protein source in shrimp feeding, allowing increased productivity, improved feed conversion, and reduced dependence on traditional fish resources. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of implementing resource-saving feeding technologies in aquaculture.