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Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Aaltodoc Publication Archive
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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Research.fi
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Research.fi
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Situational awareness in autonomous shuttle buses

Authors: Krister Kalda; Kari M. Koskinen; Lill Sarv; Raivo Sell;

Situational awareness in autonomous shuttle buses

Abstract

Autonomous shuttle buses provide a promising solution for the last-mile problem in various contexts. The removal of the human driver facilitates round-the-clock operations as well as transportation in locations that might otherwise be unfeasible for buses operated by a human driver. Trials have been conducted on these buses, and several companies aim to equip their vehicles with full self-driving capabilities. However, removing the human driver introduces several challenges, particularly in handling emergency situations. The absence of the driver, therefore, calls for increased passenger situational awareness, i.e., understanding of the environmental and contextual factors impacting the operations of the bus the passenger is on. It remains unclear to what extent bus manufacturers have considered these issues or integrated them into the design. This research seeks to shed light on the matter by studying the topic both from the industry’s and users’ perspectives.

Country
Finland
Keywords

situational awareness, autonomous shuttle bus, passengers, Science, Q, autonomous vehicles, mobility

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold