The rapid development of molecular-biological and genetic methods of research led to the broadening and deepening of knowledge of the pathogenesis of infection diseases, the structure of pathogenicity factors and their role in the development of the post-infection and post-vaccination immunity. In the review presented the literature data of this problem in relation to diseases, caused by S. aureus, which acquired great social and economic significance. Presented the list of numerous pathogenicity factors of S. aureus, their significance in the development of the infectious process and the results used to create vaccine preparations. Most of the vaccines in the construction of which used the capsular polysaccharides, toxins, protein antigens of the cell wall are in various stages of preclinical and clinical trials. Preliminary data indicate a need to use it to create protective immunity multiantigenic complex with focus on numerous factors of pathogenicity of S. aureus.