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Revista Medica Sinergia
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: Crossref
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Insuficiencia respiratoria por inmadurez pulmonar

Authors: María José Barrantes Solano; Nicole María Núñez Segura; Alejandro Rodríguez Alfaro;

Insuficiencia respiratoria por inmadurez pulmonar

Abstract

La insuficiencia respiratoria neonatal es la incapacidad del sistema respiratorio para soportar oxigenación, ventilación o ambas, en niños recién nacidos. Esta es desencadenada principalmente por el síndrome de distrés respiratorio (SDR), o enfermedad de la membrana hialina (HMD), asociada a la inmadurez del desarrollo en la producción de factor surfactante. Los neonatos con dificultad respiratoria tienen de 2 a 4 veces más probabilidades de morir que aquellos sin dificultad respiratoria. Se realizó una descripción clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria por inmadurez pulmonar en población pediátrica, según la evidencia científica encontrada a través de una revisión bibliográfica de la base de datos PubMed y Elsevier. Se ha evidenciado que factores como una puntuación de Apgar baja de 5 minutos, parto prematuro, parto por cesárea, asfixia neonatal, diabetes mellitus materna, hipertensión materna y embarazo múltiple inciden de forma directa en la presencia de esta patología en neonatos. Al realizar un ultrasonido pulmonar, se pueden reconocer fácilmente los signos y síntomas de la dificultad respiratoria e iniciar estrategias de manejo para prevenir complicaciones significativas o la muerte. Como tratamiento se utiliza el factor surfactante, la presión positiva continua en las vías respiratorias (PPCVR), el soporte respiratorio no invasivo, la ventilación invasiva y los corticosteroides posnatales, donde se maneja de forma exitosa esta enfermedad; sin embargo, en algunos pacientes puede progresar a insuficiencia respiratoria crónica, que requiere traqueostomía y ventilación mecánica a largo plazo.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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