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The String Swampland and de Sitter Vacua: A Consistent Perspective for Superstrings and Multi-fold Universes

Authors: Maes, Stephane H.;

The String Swampland and de Sitter Vacua: A Consistent Perspective for Superstrings and Multi-fold Universes

Abstract

In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General Relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scales than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model resulting into what we define as SMG, the Standard Model with non-negligible gravity effects at its scales. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model without new Physics other than gravity. These considerations hints at a even stronger relationship between gravity and the Standard Model.Superstrings are encountered in the context of Multi-fold universes; but not as physical entities, or as entities encountered in the multi-fold universe spacetime. Their discovery in AdS(5) (+ extra dimensions) tangent to every multi-fold universe spacetime points are physically consistent with superstrings that would only exist in universes with negative cosmological constants.Yet, in previous papers, we did not analyze the details of the related string theory theorems and conjectures, about curvature and viable curvatures, and, in particular, we did not discuss criticisms made by some to the main incompatibility results. These are conjectures not accepted by all, or alternatives that seem to be able to avoid them. This paper provides an analysis that supports the proposal of the incompatibility of superstrings with positive curvature (asymptotic De Sitter), dark energy or cosmological constant. This result applies to superstring theories. But it is good to note that the reasoning is consistent with the multi-fold universe spacetime reconstruction model (random walks), inflation (including the approach based on Higgs field (minimally) coupled to gravity), and multi-fold dark energy mechanisms. It piles on the already asserted incompatibility of superstrings, and supersymmetry, with SMG based on asymptotic safety of gravity in multi-fold universes.In the context of multi-fold universes, it appears that the multi-fold universe spacetime emerges from the multi-fold random walk, while its dual tangent AdS(5), where the multi-folds, or gravitons, live, could be seen as emerging from superstrings. Superstrings are buffered by AdS(5) from (asymptotic) dS, and relieved from having to support its emergence or existence. The jury remains out on the exact physical relevance of superstrings beyond gravitons in AdS(5).

Keywords

Astrophysics and Astronomy, KKLT, multi-fields, quintessence, standard model, beyond the standard model, quantum entanglement, vacuum energy, M-theory, superstrings, de Sitter, swampland, 2D gravity, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, general relativity, Standard model with gravity, Landscape, inflation, Cosmology, Relativity, and Gravity, dark energy, Quantum Physics, standard cosmological model, de Sitter criteria, Polyakov action, vacua, cosmological constant, AdS/CFT correspondence, Physics, Quantum gravity, E/G conjecture, Multi-fold Theory, gravity, Elementary Particles and Fields and String Theory, strings, curvature, Nambu Goto action, multi-fold universe, supersymmetry

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