
Clinical trials, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for a range of terminal tumors, are now ongoing in several locations across the world, and the commercialization of some of these therapies is likely to begin in the near future. Because of the FDA's approval of CD19-directed CAR T cells for the treatment of relapsed/refractory ALL and DLBCL, a multibillion-dollar industry of potentially curative cell-based immunotherapies has sprung up around the treatment of cancer. Although these successes have been achieved, CAR T cell efficacy in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cancers is frequently hampered by low therapeutic levels of CAR T cell expansion, a lack of long-term persistence of these cells, failure to achieve deep molecular remissions (defined as incomplete elimination of minimal residual disease), and decreased anti-tumor function/survival in the patient. There is no doubt that the application of several new technologies aimed at improving CAR T cell development and biomanufacturing that are successful in increasing anti-tumor potency, preventing resistance, mitigating severe adverse events, and lowering financial toxicity will result in safer, more clinically effective CAR T cells that are more affordable and therefore more widely available. In the end, careful management of CAR T cell centers on an individual site basis, anticipating regulatory challenges, and coordinating manufacturing techniques will all contribute to the faster integration of these medications into standard cancer treatment.
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