China is expanding R&D investment, out of the way of catching up with the technology of developed countries. China is pursuing innovation-driven growth strategy preoccupying next-generation technology. Therefore, China has begun to foster the high-tech industry in full force and is making continuous efforts to enter the creative innovation stage through the development of unique technology and new products. It is important for Korea to seriously recognize and actively respond to the growth of China’s science and technology. It is very important to understand the technological capabilities and innovation capabilities of the Chinese industry, especially high-tech industries that promote technological development. Therefore, this study measured the efficiency of R&D investment and productivity change from 2013 to 2017 in 20 high-tech industries in China. This study measured the relative efficiency and productivity change of R&D investment by industry in China high-tech industry and analyzed the factors of productivity change. Based on the results, I would like to look into China’s high-tech industry R&D investment and to help Korea’s technology investment. This study measured the efficiency and productivity change of China’s R&D Expenditure through DEA ​​and Malmquist productivity index. First, the efficiency of R&D Expenditure by high-tech industries shows a gradual increase during the analysis period. Second, as a result of analyzing the productivity change of R&D Expenditure by Malmquist productivity index, productivity of high-tech industry increased by 4.0% every year. Third, when the productivity change of R&D Expenditure is decomposed into changes of technology and technical efficiency, the technological change is 0.997 and technical efficiency change is 1.044. Technical efficiency is leading to productivity increase of R&D Expenditure by offsetting technical progress decline. The pure technical efficiency increase and the scale efficiency increase are 2.5% and 1.8%, respectively. In conclusion, for sustainable economic growth, China should make efforts to expand the scale of R&D investment and improve efficiency. In addition, it will be necessary to develop a comprehensive strategy for promoting technology transfer and commercialization so that R&D investment leads to economic performance of the entire industry.