espanolLa falta de pacto social estructural sigue provocando estallidos de protesta ante la fuerte desigualdad social y territorial. La esquiva paz no llega por la baja tributacion empresarial, ausencia de reforma agraria y politica rural, pero tambien por los desafios pendientes en adecuado desarrollo territorial. Colombia lleva mas de treinta anos en una constante batalla por lograr un pais unitario con autonomia de sus entidades territoriales. Si bien ha habido avances sustantivos en algunos campos como el empoderamiento politico, la prestacion de los servicios y la participacion, aun quedan aspectos sin resolver y urge una transformacion de la arquitectura institucional de cara a las nuevas realidades y desafios que enfrenta el pais. Hay que retomar la senda de las grandes transformaciones que significaron los primeros diez anos de la descentralizacion. EnglishThe lack of a structural social pact continues to provoke outbreaks of protest against the strong social and territorial inequality. The elusive peace does not come because of the low corporate taxation, the absence of agrarian reform and rural policy, but also because of the pending challenges in adequate territorial development. Colombia has been in a constant battle for more than thirty years to achieve a unitary country with autonomy from its territorial entities. Although there have been substantive advances in some fields such as political empowerment, service provision and participation, there are still unresolved issues and a transformation of the institutional architecture is urgently needed in the face of the new realities and challenges facing the country. We must return to the path of the great transformations that the first ten years of decentralization signified.