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Callosum Neurology
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Callosum Neurology
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HIV-ASSOCIATED NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (HAND) PADA PASIEN DENGAN HIV TANPA INFEKSI OPORTUNISTIK

Authors: Dhyatmika Gde Putra; Widyastuti Ketut; Laksmidewi AAA. Putri;

HIV-ASSOCIATED NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (HAND) PADA PASIEN DENGAN HIV TANPA INFEKSI OPORTUNISTIK

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) telah menjadi epidemi di seluruh dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Salah satu komplikasi infeksi HIV pada sistem saraf pusat (SSP) berupa gangguan fungsi kognitif yang disebut HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Replikasi HIV dalam jangka waktu panjang terjadi pada astrosit dan mikroglia, yang dapat menurunkan fungsi neuronal. HAND terkait dengan aktivitas virus dan mediator inflamasi sel imun pada SSP sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan neuron otak. Kasus: Pasien perempuan, 28 tahun, suku Bali, mengeluh mudah lupa yang dialami sejak 2 tahun lalu. Pasien masih dapat melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari secara mandiri walaupun keluhan lupa terkadang dirasakan mengganggu. Pasien memiliki riwayat infeksi HIV sejak bulan September 2015 dengan CD4 16 sel/µl dan mendapat terapi ARV fixed-dose combination dengan regimen tenofovir, lamivudine, dan efavirenz. Pemeriksaan neurobehavior dijumpai atensi baik, gangguan memori terutama new learning ability, memori tunda, asosiasi berpasangan, gangguan visuospasial dan eksekutif, ADL dan IADL mandiri, MMSE: 24, MoCA Ina: 14, Clock Drawing Test: 3, Trial making test A baik, Trial making test B terganggu, International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS): 10.5, Skala penilaian depresi Hamilton: 15. Hasil CT Scan kepala dalam batas normal. Diskusi: Dari hasil pemeriksaan, pasien dikategorikan dalam HAND tipe Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (ANI). Kadar CD4 diketahui berhubungan dengan derajat kerusakan neuron otak dan kadar CD4 nadir rendah (≤ 200 sel/µl) merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan kognitif pada pasien dengan HIV. Pemberian terapi kombinasi ARV dapat menunjukkan peningkatkan performa fungsi kognitif dan fungsional. Simpulan: Infeksi HIV secara langsung pada SSP dapat menyebabkan gangguan neurokognitif dan inisiasi pemberian terapi ARV dini merupakan usaha pencegahan terjadinya perburukan lebih lanjut.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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